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Evolution Korea South Korea's democratic system is vulnerable to populist tendencies. It's still more stable than expected. 에볼루션게이밍 is looking for a new way of developing. The Confucian culture, which emphasizes respect for the ancestors as well as gendered family relationships, continues to be influential in the society. There are signs of a secularist cultural trend that is emerging. Origins In prehistoric times, the ancestors of modern Koreans lived by hunting and gathering wild food. Around 10,000 years ago they began to cultivate crops like millet and beans. They also raised livestock and created furs. They established tribal states in Manchuria and later on the Korean peninsula. They also created an industry of metalworking, making bronze tools, and later iron ones. They traded with other states and introduced Celadon papermaking, block printing, art styles and writing to Japan. Gojoseon was founded in 2333 BCE on the southern peninsula. This state embraced Chinese culture that included Confucian Philosophy and Buddhism. In this time, the inhabitants of Buyeo joined Gojoseon. Gojoseon was a state that was hierarchical where the monarch and other senior officials came from the land aristocracy, while the majority of the population was peasants. The state collected taxes from these people, and sometimes forced them to join the army or build fortifications. At the end of the period, the state of Baekje was founded by Onjo who was a prince of Goguryeo and was the son of Jumong who was the founder of Goguryeo. The new kingdom grew into the southwest part of the peninsula, and was at war with China's commandos and Goguryeo's in the area. Baekje included elements of Confucian thinking into its state belief system and made the male-centric filiopiety idea as a law in 1390 CE. Under the guise filiopiety, fathers were responsible to their families. They must be obeyed by all and admired by even their children and grandchildren. Goryeo, which would rule from 918 to 1392 CE gave the world the Hangul alphabet that was based on the shapes formed by the mouth when it was pronounced. This dramatically improved communication between people, and resulted in an explosion of the writing of Buddhist texts. Woodblock printing and the movable metal type were also refined. It was during this period that the Samguk sagi, or 'History Of the Three Kingdoms' first appeared in 1145 CE. The evolution of Korea The Korean peninsula has been habitable since Neolithic times and early evidence for human settlements is evident in the form stone-lined cist graves with precious goods such as amazonite jewellery being buried with the dead. Megalithic structures, known as dolmens and constructed of large stones in a single piece, are widespread throughout the country. Gojoseon was the first state to be recognized in the first half of the 1st millennium BCE. The peninsula was then ruled by a number of states during the Three Kingdoms Period (57 BC-635 CE) which included Baekje and Goguryeo. In addition, the northern region of the peninsula was occupied by the Balhae kingdom, which many historians do not consider to be a legitimate Korean state. After the Three Kingdoms arose the Proto-Three Kingdoms Period, also known as the Several States Period. Of them, Baekje was the most powerful of them all however, its dynasty ended by the fall of Goguryeo in 676 CE, leaving it with its southern territories of Manchuria and the western region around the Hwanghae Bay, while eastern Buyeo and the Gaya confederacy flourished for a short time. The Unified Silla kingdom then emerged, and the three kingdoms began to work together to expand their territory. Silla with the help of the Chinese, eventually conquered and unified the peninsula in 935. As Korea enters a post-crisis era, its development paradigm seems to be in flux. Those who are horrified by the cost of the old systems support a comprehensive program of liberalization of capital, labor and product markets. On the other hand, those who support the old system seek to preserve it by leveraging nationalist sentiments and inflating fears about job losses. Academic and policy analysts remain starkly divided as to the extent to the extent that these two trends are driving Koreas shift towards an economic model that is radically different from the one of governance. This article reviews the latest developments by analyzing five phases of Korea's political development that include the illiberal democratic period (1945-60) democratic authoritarianism (1961-72), authoritarian exceptionalism (1972-87) democratic paternalism (1987-2001) and democratic participation (2002 to the present). This article also highlights the most important factors that appear to be shaping these processes. Creationism in Korea In South Korea, 26% of the population is Christian. Creationists have succeeded in promoting their views to this population. A survey conducted in 2009 revealed that nearly a third of respondents did not believe in evolution. Of those, 41% claimed that there wasn't enough scientific evidence to support evolution 39% claimed that the theory did not align with their beliefs and 17% claimed it was difficult to understand. The level of doubt is similar to that of the United States where a similar percentage do not believe humans evolved from earlier forms of life. In the past, the majority of the anti-evolution movement in Korea was focused on educating college students and in bringing them to Christ. In 1980, a four-day creation science seminar was held in Seoul during the World Evangelization Crusade. Drs. Henry Morris and Duane Giss of ICR were the featured speakers. This event drew a large audience of professors, scientists, and church leaders. The success of this event led to the creation of the Korea Association of Creation Research (KACR) on January 31st 1981. The inauguration meeting was widely covered in the national press, including The Korea Times and Chosun Ilbo, and it was well-received by the public. KACR began publishing a newsletter titled CREATION. In CREATION, the organization published its own activities and published articles about scientific evidence for creationism. It also translated slides and film strips from ICR as well as some books on creationism which were published outside of Korea. KACR members gave lectures at universities and churches throughout the country. One instance of an KACR success story occurred at the KAIST university in Seoul. Students at KAIST in Seoul were so fascinated by creationism that they raised funds and received funding to construct a small museum dedicated to creation on campus. In addition to its public activities, KACR publishes a bimonthly news magazine, CREATION, which covers topics in creation science. It also sponsored a series of lectures by ICR staff. It also has a network of local branches that conduct seminars and provide talks to children in schools and other community groups. The evolution of South Korea In the latter half of the 19th century and beginning of the 20th century, Korea moved toward a Westernised lifestyle. The traditional Korean dress, the hanbok, was replaced by miniskirts, as well as other foreign fashion elements. The traditional Korean music was also replaced by rock and roll and jazz. In this time the famous samulnori, also known as the masked dance-dramas were very popular. These dramatic pieces were performed to the beat of shaman drums and other instruments of music. Korea's new development model is being created in the wake of the economic crisis. The main challenge for the new regime is to strike a balance between market-oriented and state-led economic policies. It also requires a change in the incentives and monitoring policies that been a part of the system prior to the crisis. These issues are addressed in Chapters 3 and 4. Established by Onjo, prince of Goguryeo and the third son of Jumong, Baekje was established jointly by people living along the Hangang River, those from Buyeo and other regions, as well as people from northern China. In the 4th century, in the early part of, Baekje was a major regional power, and expanded its territory as far as Mahan in the north and Jeollanam-do in the south. In the process, it entered into frequent conflict with Goguryeo and the Chinese commanders across the border. The decline of Silla between the 8th and 9th centuries resulted in the rise of powerful local factions. Gungye, a noble from Later Baekje, established a kingdom with Songak as its capital. It also was in control of a portion of the present-day Jeolla and Chungcheong provinces. Later, he relocated the capital to Wansanju. He was an adversary to Goguryeo. His rule was however short-lived. After his defeat, Gungye was replaced by a powerful local leader Wang Geon, who united Goryeo with Baekje and Silla in 935. Later Baekje was incorporated peacefully into Goryeo as a successor state. Additionally, Wang Geon introduced fundamental reforms and strengthened a centralized rule system. This marked the end of the Three Kingdoms period. The Korean peninsula was then ruled by the Goryeo Dynasty. In the Three Kingdoms period, Goguryeo, Baekje and Silla gradually grew to become powerful states in Manchuria and on the peninsula.